Central Policies on Sand Mining in India

The central government regulates sand mining primarily through environment and mining legislation, aiming to curb illegal extraction, ensure sustainable practices and protect ecosystems.

Overview

Sand is classified as a minor mineral in India, with the central government setting overarching regulations while states like Punjab adapt these with local rules to address environmental, economic, and enforcement concerns.

Key Central Regulations

Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act (MMDR Act)

1957 (amended, latest 2025)

Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2023

2023

Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2025

2025

Sustainable Sand Mining Management Guidelines

2016

Enforcement & Monitoring Guidelines for Sand Mining

2020

Punjab State Sand Mining Policy

Punjab, with rivers like the Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi, has tailored its sand mining policies to address local environmental concerns, illegal mining, and construction demands.

Punjab Minor Mining Policy, 2023

2023

Comprehensive framework for minor minerals including sand and gravel, covering lease auctions, royalty rates, environmental restoration, and district-level task forces.

View Official Document

Amendment to Punjab Minor Mining Policy, 2023

2025

Updates including revised timelines for e-auctions, enhanced penalties for violations, and integration of GIS-based monitoring for sand mining sites.

Key Features of Punjab's Approach

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E-Auction System

Sand mining leases allocated via online bidding to ensure transparency and reduce mafia control.

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Replenishment Focus

District survey reports assess sand replenishment rates in rivers with GIS-based monitoring integration.

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Crackdown on Illegal Mining

Intensified efforts with raids and seizures, enhanced penalties up to three times royalty rates.

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Technology Integration

Centralized IT solutions for monitoring, GPS tracking, and real-time reporting systems.

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Promotion of Alternatives

Encourages manufactured sand (M-Sand) for construction to reduce pressure on riverbeds.

Streamlined Permissions

Delegation of powers to district mining officers for simplified operations with oversight.

Important Note

Last Updated: October 2025 - Punjab's policies are dynamic, with updates driven by NGT rulings and central directives. For the latest details, check the Punjab Department of Mines and Geology or the Ministry of Mines portal.

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